Blood sugar levels and HbA1c explained: what your diabetes test results mean
Fasting sugar, post-meal sugar and HbA1c explained in plain words, with normal ranges and what to do if your results are high.
Diabetes is very common in India, and many people find their test reports confusing. Here is what the main numbers mean. Your doctor will interpret them with your full health picture.
The main tests
Fasting blood sugar (FBS): measured after at least 8 hours without food.
- Normal: below 100 mg/dL
- Prediabetes: 100 to 125 mg/dL
- Diabetes: 126 mg/dL or higher (on two tests)
Post-meal (PP) sugar: measured 2 hours after a meal.
- Normal: below 140 mg/dL
- Prediabetes: 140 to 199 mg/dL
- Diabetes: 200 mg/dL or higher
HbA1c: your average sugar over the last two to three months.
- Normal: below 5.7%
- Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
- Diabetes: 6.5% or higher
Many people with diabetes aim for an HbA1c around 7% or lower, but your doctor may set a different target for you.
If your sugar is high
- Do not panic, and do not start medicines on your own
- See a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and check blood pressure, cholesterol, kidneys and eyes
- Start with lifestyle: 30 minutes of walking daily, fewer sweets, sugary drinks and refined flour, more vegetables, pulses and whole grains
- Keep taking any medicines exactly as prescribed
Warning signs: see a doctor urgently
- Very high readings with extreme thirst, frequent urination and tiredness
- Low sugar symptoms: sweating, shaking, confusion (take sugar and get help)
- A foot wound that is not healing
Regular check-ups
People with diabetes should have their eyes, kidneys and feet checked at least once a year.
Find a diabetes doctor
Compare diabetologists near you or general physicians by Google rating, and book a blood test lab nearby.
Frequently asked questions
What is a normal HbA1c?
Below 5.7% is normal. 5.7% to 6.4% is prediabetes, and 6.5% or above suggests diabetes (confirmed by a doctor).
How often should HbA1c be checked?
For people with diabetes, usually every three months until stable, then every three to six months, as advised by your doctor.
Can prediabetes be reversed?
Often, yes. Regular exercise, healthier food and modest weight loss can bring sugar levels back to normal.
This article is for general information and is not medical advice. Please see a doctor for advice about your health. In an emergency, call 108.
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